Text -- 1 Kings 8:1-53 (NET)

Solomon Moves the Ark into the Temple

8:1 Then Solomon convened in Jerusalem Israel’s elders, all the leaders of the Israelite tribes and families, so they could witness the transferal of the ark of the Lord’s covenant from the city of David (that is, Zion). 8:2 All the men of Israel assembled before King Solomon during the festival in the month Ethanim (the seventh month). 8:3 When all Israel’s elders had arrived, the priests lifted the ark. 8:4 The priests and Levites carried the ark of the Lord, the tent of meeting, and all the holy items in the tent. 8:5 Now King Solomon and all the Israelites who had assembled with him went on ahead of the ark and sacrificed more sheep and cattle than could be counted or numbered. 8:6 The priests brought the ark of the Lord’s covenant to its assigned place in the inner sanctuary of the temple, in the most holy place, under the wings of the cherubs. 8:7 The cherubs’ wings extended over the place where the ark sat; the cherubs overshadowed the ark and its poles. 8:8 The poles were so long their ends were visible from the holy place in front of the inner sanctuary, but they could not be seen from beyond that point. They have remained there to this very day. 8:9 There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets Moses had placed there in Horeb. It was there that the Lord made an agreement with the Israelites after he brought them out of the land of Egypt. 8:10 Once the priests left the holy place, a cloud filled the Lord’s temple. 8:11 The priests could not carry out their duties because of the cloud; the Lord’s glory filled his temple. 8:12 Then Solomon said, “The Lord has said that he lives in thick darkness. 8:13 O Lord, truly I have built a lofty temple for you, a place where you can live permanently.” 8:14 Then the king turned around and pronounced a blessing over the whole Israelite assembly as they stood there. 8:15 He said, “The Lord God of Israel is worthy of praise because he has fulfilled what he promised my father David. 8:16 He told David, ‘Since the day I brought my people Israel out of Egypt, I have not chosen a city from all the tribes of Israel to build a temple in which to live. But I have chosen David to lead my people Israel.’ 8:17 Now my father David had a strong desire to build a temple to honor the Lord God of Israel. 8:18 The Lord told my father David, ‘It is right for you to have a strong desire to build a temple to honor me. 8:19 But you will not build the temple; your very own son will build the temple for my honor.’ 8:20 The Lord has kept the promise he made. I have taken my father David’s place and have occupied the throne of Israel, as the Lord promised. I have built this temple for the honor of the Lord God of Israel 8:21 and set up in it a place for the ark containing the covenant the Lord made with our ancestors when he brought them out of the land of Egypt.”

Solomon Prays for Israel

8:22 Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord in front of the entire assembly of Israel and spread out his hands toward the sky. 8:23 He prayed: “O Lord, God of Israel, there is no god like you in heaven above or on earth below! You maintain covenantal loyalty to your servants who obey you with sincerity. 8:24 You have kept your word to your servant, my father David; this very day you have fulfilled what you promised. 8:25 Now, O Lord, God of Israel, keep the promise you made to your servant, my father David, when you said, ‘You will never fail to have a successor ruling before me on the throne of Israel, provided that your descendants watch their step and serve me as you have done.’ 8:26 Now, O God of Israel, may the promise you made to your servant, my father David, be realized. 8:27 “God does not really live on the earth! Look, if the sky and the highest heaven cannot contain you, how much less this temple I have built! 8:28 But respond favorably to your servant’s prayer and his request for help, O Lord my God. Answer the desperate prayer your servant is presenting to you today. 8:29 Night and day may you watch over this temple, the place where you promised you would live. May you answer your servant’s prayer for this place. 8:30 Respond to the request of your servant and your people Israel for this place. Hear from inside your heavenly dwelling place and respond favorably. 8:31 “When someone is accused of sinning against his neighbor and the latter pronounces a curse on the alleged offender before your altar in this temple, be willing to forgive the accused if the accusation is false. 8:32 Listen from heaven and make a just decision about your servants’ claims. Condemn the guilty party, declare the other innocent, and give both of them what they deserve. 8:33 “The time will come when your people Israel are defeated by an enemy because they sinned against you. If they come back to you, renew their allegiance to you, and pray for your help in this temple, 8:34 then listen from heaven, forgive the sin of your people Israel, and bring them back to the land you gave to their ancestors. 8:35 “The time will come when the skies are shut up tightly and no rain falls because your people sinned against you. When they direct their prayers toward this place, renew their allegiance to you, and turn away from their sin because you punish them, 8:36 then listen from heaven and forgive the sin of your servants, your people Israel. Certainly you will then teach them the right way to live and send rain on your land that you have given your people to possess. 8:37 “The time will come when the land suffers from a famine, a plague, blight and disease, or a locust invasion, or when their enemy lays siege to the cities of the land, or when some other type of plague or epidemic occurs. 8:38 When all your people Israel pray and ask for help, as they acknowledge their pain and spread out their hands toward this temple, 8:39 then listen from your heavenly dwelling place, forgive their sin, and act favorably toward each one based on your evaluation of his motives. (Indeed you are the only one who can correctly evaluate the motives of all people.) 8:40 Then they will obey you throughout their lifetimes as they live on the land you gave to our ancestors. 8:41 “Foreigners, who do not belong to your people Israel, will come from a distant land because of your reputation. 8:42 When they hear about your great reputation and your ability to accomplish mighty deeds, they will come and direct their prayers toward this temple. 8:43 Then listen from your heavenly dwelling place and answer all the prayers of the foreigners. Then all the nations of the earth will acknowledge your reputation, obey you like your people Israel do, and recognize that this temple I built belongs to you. 8:44 “When you direct your people to march out and fight their enemies, and they direct their prayers to the Lord toward his chosen city and this temple I built for your honor, 8:45 then listen from heaven to their prayers for help and vindicate them. 8:46 “The time will come when your people will sin against you (for there is no one who is sinless!) and you will be angry with them and deliver them over to their enemies, who will take them as prisoners to their own land, whether far away or close by. 8:47 When your people come to their senses in the land where they are held prisoner, they will repent and beg for your mercy in the land of their imprisonment, admitting, ‘We have sinned and gone astray; we have done evil.’ 8:48 When they return to you with all their heart and being in the land where they are held prisoner, and direct their prayers to you toward the land you gave to their ancestors, your chosen city, and the temple I built for your honor, 8:49 then listen from your heavenly dwelling place to their prayers for help and vindicate them. 8:50 Forgive all the rebellious acts of your sinful people and cause their captors to have mercy on them. 8:51 After all, they are your people and your special possession whom you brought out of Egypt, from the middle of the iron-smelting furnace. 8:52 “May you be attentive to your servant’s and your people Israel’s requests for help and may you respond to all their prayers to you. 8:53 After all, you picked them out of all the nations of the earth to be your special possession, just as you, O sovereign Lord, announced through your servant Moses when you brought our ancestors out of Egypt.”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:1

¹ tc The Old Greek translation includes the following words at the beginning of ch. 8: “It so happened that when Solomon finished building the Lord’s temple and his own house, after twenty years.”

² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

³ tn Heb “Then Solomon convened the elders of Israel, the heads of the tribes, the chiefs of the fathers belonging to the sons of Israel to King Solomon [in] Jerusalem to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord from the city of David (it is Zion).”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:2

¹ sn The festival. This was the Feast of Tabernacles, see Lev 23:34.

² sn The month Ethanim. This would be September-October in modern reckoning.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:4

¹ tn Heb “the tent of assembly.”

sn The tent of meeting. See Exod 33:7-11.

² tn Heb “and they carried the ark of the Lord…. The priests and the Levites carried them.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:5

¹ tn Heb “And King Solomon and all the assembly of Israel, those who had been gathered to him, [were] before the ark, sacrificing sheep and cattle which could not be counted or numbered because of the abundance.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:6

¹ tn The word “assigned” is supplied in the translation for clarification.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:7

¹ sn And its poles. These poles were used to carry the ark. See Exod 25:13-15.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:8

¹ tn Heb “they could not be seen outside.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:9

¹ sn Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai.

² tn Heb “in Horeb where.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:11

¹ tn Heb “were not able to stand to serve.”

² tn Heb “the house of the Lord.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:13

¹ tn The words “O Lord” do not appear in the original text, but they are supplied for clarification; Solomon addresses the Lord in prayer at this point.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:14

¹ tn Heb “turned his face.”

² tn Heb “and he blessed all the assembly of Israel, and all the assembly of Israel was standing.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:15

¹ tn The Hebrew text reads, “by his hand.”

² tn The Hebrew text reads, “by his mouth.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:16

¹ tn Heb “saying.”

² tn Heb “to build a house for my name to be there.”

sn To build a temple in which to live (Heb “to build a house for my name to be there”). In the OT, the word “name” sometimes refers to one’s reputation or honor. The “name” of the Lord sometimes designates the Lord himself, being indistinguishable from the proper name.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:17

¹ tn Heb “and it was with the heart of David my father.”

² tn Heb “to build a house for the name of the Lord God of Israel.” The word “name” in the OT sometimes refers to one’s reputation or honor. The “name” of the Lord sometimes designates the Lord himself, being indistinguishable from the proper name.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:18

¹ tn Heb “Because it was with your heart to build a house for my name, you did well that it was with your heart.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:19

¹ tn Heb “your son, the one who came out of your body, he will build the temple for my name.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:20

¹ tn Heb “his word that he spoke.”

² tn Heb “name.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:21

¹ tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 34, 40, 48, 53, 57, 58).

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:22

¹ tn Or “heaven.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:23

¹ tn Heb “said.”

² tn Heb “one who keeps the covenant and the loyal love.” The expression is a hendiadys.

³ tn Heb “who walk before you with all their heart.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:24

¹ tn Heb “[you] who kept to your servant David my father that which you spoke to him.”

² tn Heb “you spoke by your mouth and by your hand you fulfilled, as this day.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:25

¹ tn Heb “there will not be cut off from you a man from before me sitting on the throne of Israel.”

² tn Heb “guard their way by walking before me as you have walked before me.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:26

¹ tn Heb “the words that you spoke.”

² tn Or “prove to be reliable.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:27

¹ tn Heb “Indeed, can God really live on the earth?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course not,” the force of which the translation above seeks to reflect.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:28

¹ tn Heb “turn to.”

² tn Heb “by listening to.”

³ tn Heb “the loud cry and the prayer.”

⁴ tn Heb “praying before you.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:29

¹ tn Heb “so your eyes might be open toward this house night and day, toward the place about which you said, ‘My name will be there.’”

² tn Heb “by listening to the prayer which your servant is praying concerning this place.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:30

¹ tn Heb “listen to the request of your servant and your people Israel which they are praying concerning this place.”

² tn Heb “and you, hear inside your dwelling place, inside heaven.” The precise nuance of the preposition אֶל (’el), used here with the verb “hear,” is unclear. One expects the preposition “from,” which appears in the parallel text in 2 Chr 6:21. The nuance “inside; among” is attested for אֶל (see Gen 23:19; 1 Sam 10:22; Jer 4:3), but in each case a verb of motion is employed with the preposition, unlike 1 Kgs 8:30. The translation above (“from inside”) is based on the demands of the immediate context rather than attested usage elsewhere.

³ tn Heb “hear and forgive.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:31

¹ tn Heb “and forgive the man who sins against his neighbor when one takes up against him a curse to curse him and the curse comes before your altar in this house.” In the Hebrew text the words “and forgive” conclude v. 30, but the accusative sign at the beginning of v. 31 suggests the verb actually goes with what follows in v. 31. The parallel text in 2 Chr 6:22 begins with “and if,” rather than the accusative sign. In this case “forgive” must be taken with what precedes, and v. 31 must be taken as the protasis (“if” clause) of a conditional sentence, with v. 32 being the apodosis (“then” clause) that completes the sentence.

sn Be willing to forgive the accused if the accusation is false. At first it appears that Solomon is asking God to forgive the guilty party. But in v. 32 Solomon asks the Lord to discern who is guilty and innocent, so v. 31 must refer to a situation where an accusation has been made, but not yet proven. The very periphrastic translation reflects this interpretation.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:32

¹ tn Heb “and you, hear [from] heaven and act and judge your servants by declaring the guilty to be guilty, to give his way on his head, and to declare the innocent to be innocent, to give to him according to his innocence.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:33

¹ tn Heb “when.” In the Hebrew text vv. 33-34 actually contain one lengthy conditional sentence, which the translation has divided into two sentences for stylistic reasons.

² tn Or “are struck down before an enemy.”

³ tn Heb “confess [or perhaps, “praise”] your name.”

⁴ tn Heb “and they pray and ask for help.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:35

¹ tn Heb “when.” In the Hebrew text vv. 35-36a actually contain one lengthy conditional sentence, which the translation has divided into two sentences for stylistic reasons.

² tn Heb “they”; the referent (your people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “confess [or perhaps, “praise”] your name.”

⁴ tn The Hebrew text has “because you answer them,” as if the verb is from עָנָה (’anah, “to answer”). However, this reference to a divine answer is premature, since the next verse asks for God to intervene in mercy. It is better to revocalize the consonantal text as תְעַנֵּם (tÿ’annem, “you afflict them”), a Piel verb form from the homonym עָנָה (“to afflict”).

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:36

¹ tn The translation understands כִּי (ki) in an emphatic or asseverative sense.

² tn Heb “the good way in which they should walk.”

³ tn Or “for an inheritance.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:37

¹ tn Actually two Hebrew terms appear here, both of which are usually taken as referring to locusts. Perhaps different stages of growth or different varieties are in view.

² tn Heb “in the land, his gates.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:38

¹ tn Heb “every prayer, every request for help which will be to all the people, to all your people Israel.”

² tn Heb “which they know, each the pain of his heart.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:39

¹ tn The words “their sin” are added for clarification.

² tn Heb “and act and give to each one according to all his ways because you know his heart.” In the Hebrew text vv. 37-39a actually contain one lengthy conditional sentence, which the translation has divided up for stylistic reasons.

³ tn Heb “Indeed you know, you alone, the heart of all the sons of mankind.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:40

¹ tn Heb “fear.”

² tn Heb “all the days [in] which.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:41

¹ tn Heb “your name.” In the OT the word “name” sometimes refers to one’s reputation or honor. The “name” of the Lord sometimes designates the Lord himself, being indistinguishable from the proper name.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:42

¹ tn Heb “your great name.” See the note on the word “reputation” in the previous verse.

² tn Heb “and your strong hand and your outstretched arm.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:43

¹ tn Heb “and do all which the foreigner calls to [i.e., “requests of”] you.”

² tn Heb “your name.” See the note on the word “reputation” in v. 41.

³ tn Heb “fear.”

⁴ tn Heb “that your name is called over this house which I built.” The Hebrew idiom “to call the name over” indicates ownership. See 2 Sam 12:28.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:44

¹ tn Heb “When your people go out for battle against their enemies in the way which you send them.”

² tn Or perhaps “to you, O Lord.” See 2 Chr 6:34.

³ tn Heb “your name.” See the note on the word “reputation” in v. 41.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:45

¹ tn Heb “their prayer and their request for help.”

² tn Heb “and accomplish their justice.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:46

¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (your people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “the land of the enemy.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:47

¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (your people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Or “stop and reflect”; Heb “bring back to their heart.”

³ tn Or “done wrong.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:48

¹ tn Or “soul.”

² tn Heb “in the land of their enemies.”

³ tn Heb “your name.” See the note on the word “reputation” in v. 41.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:49

¹ tn Heb “their prayer and their request for help.”

² tn Heb “and accomplish their justice.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:50

¹ tn Heb “and forgive your people who have sinned against you, [forgive] all their rebellious acts by which they rebelled against you, and grant them mercy before their captors so they will show them mercy.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:51

¹ tn Or “for.”

² tn Heb “inheritance.”

³ tn The Hebrew term כּוּר (kur, “furnace,” cf. Akkadian ku„ru) is a metaphor for the intense heat of purification. A כּוּר was not a source of heat but a crucible (“iron-smelting furnace”) in which precious metals were melted down and their impurities burned away (see I. Cornelius, NIDOTTE 2:618-19). Thus Egypt served not as a place of punishment for the Israelites, but as a place of refinement to bring Israel to a place of submission to divine sovereignty.

sn From the middle of the iron-smelting furnace. The metaphor of a furnace suggests fire and heat and is an apt image to remind the people of the suffering they endured while slaves in Egypt.

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:52

¹ tn Heb “May your eyes be open.”

² tn Heb “to listen to them in all their calling out to you.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 8:53

¹ tn Or “For.”

² tn Heb “your inheritance.”